兔病毒性出血症病毒高免血清的制备与应用效果

以兔病毒性出血症病毒组织灭活疫苗免疫家兔，经五次免疫之后，抗体效价可达12log2以上，采集兔血清，以此治疗攻毒兔，结果大部分兔都存活，临床应用效果表明：以此血清治疗自然感染兔病毒性出血症病毒的发病兔，治愈率达80％以上。     

Effect of lansoprazole on gastric ulceration in rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of lansoprazole on gastric ulceration in rats. METHODS:Using the gastric ulcer model induced by hemorrhagic shock, restraint water-immersion stress and pylorus-ligature, the protective effect of lansoprazole (iv) on gastric ulceration was observed. RESULTS:Pretreatment with lansoprazole (7.5-60 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the formation of gastric ulcer in the three models in a dose-dependent manner. The autiulcer efficacy of lansoprazole was similar to that of omeprazole in the equal dose, but stronger than that of omeprazole for ulcer induced by water-immersion stress.CONCLUSION:The intravenously administered lansoprazole inhibited formation of experimental gastric ulcer in rats.     

Hypertonic NaCl-NaAc improves the microcirculation in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock

AIM: To study the effects of hypertonic NaCl-NaAc on microcirculation in hemorrhage-shocked rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomized into three groups of 7.5% NaCl(hypertonic saline, HS), 5% NaCl-3.5% NaAc(hypertonic sodium acetate, HSA) and 0.9% NaCl(normal saline, NS). 4 mL/kg HS, HSA or NS was given intravenously following hemorrhagic shock. The microcirculation of spinotrapezius muscle was observed.RESULTS: HS increased mean aortic pressure more significant than HSA. Variables including arteriolar and venular diameter, velocity and volumetric flow rate and open capillaries were increased and erythrocyte aggregation was decreased in 5 min after resuscitation with both HS and HSA solutions.5 min later, variables were deteriorated in HS group.After local treatment, arteriolar and venular diameters were dilated significantly in HSA group.CONCLUSION:HSA had superior effects to HS in improving microcirculation of hemorrhage-shocked rats.     

鹿流行性出血病毒分子生物学研究进展

鹿流行性出血病毒是一种在全世界野生及驯养的有蹄动物中广泛存在的重要病原体.该病毒属呼肠病毒科环状病毒属,有12个血清型,是一种有10个节段(L1-L3、M4-M6、S7-S10)的双链RNA病毒,编码10个蛋白(VP1-7和NS1、NS2、NS3/NS3A).VP7蛋白具有很强的抗原性且保守性最高.VP2与病毒型特异性有关,可诱导产生中和抗体.VP3为群特异性抗原,高度保守,具有亲水性保守区域.非结构蛋白NS1、NS2和NS3/NS3A及其编码序列均相当保守.该病毒的分子生物学诊断技术主要有PCR和核酸探针杂交技术.     

一株无血凝性兔出血症病毒的分离鉴定及其衣壳蛋白VP60基因的克隆和序列分析

从临床病料中分离鉴定出1株无血凝性的致病性兔出血症病毒（RHDV），命名为Yaan-1。HA试验测得该毒株原代及经兔体传3代后的肝毒在25℃、37℃和4℃时均无血凝性；但在琼脂扩散试验和对流免疫电泳中均可见分离株与常规RHDV高免血清形成清晰的沉淀线；电镜观察可见30nm左右的病毒粒子。采用RT-PCR方法将Yaan-1株的衣壳蛋白VP60基因进行了克隆测序，序列分析表明VP60基因序列全长1740bp，编码579个氨基酸，测序结果提交GenBank（注册号为DQ069280），并与世界各国的常规RHDV分离株进行比较，结果表明核苷酸同源性为90．0％～98．0％，氨基酸同源性为94．1％～99．0％，氨基酸变异多发生在衣壳蛋白C、E区；同时对Yaan-1株的分子量、等电点、疏水性、跨膜区等分子结构特征进行了分析。本研究首次报道了无血凝性RHDV中国分离株，丰富了地方毒株资源，为明确我国地方株的分子流行病学，以及对VP60蛋白分子特征研究提供了新材料。     

蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征的病因研究进展

蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)是一种代谢性疾病,营养、内分泌、遗传和环境等因素都可影响其发生。日粮中能量过高或蛋白不足是诱发FLHS的主要因素,能量、蛋白来源也影响FLHS的发生。日粮中脂肪酸来源影响FLHS的发生,动物性脂肪较易引起FLHS,适量添加植物油可降低肝脏脂肪含量。雌激素水平升高可引起肝脏脂肪含量增加,与FLHS存在一定的量效关系。甲状腺素和孕酮可降低肝脏脂肪含量,防止出血发生。FLHS易感品系UCD-3蛋鸡肯定了遗传因素对该病的影响。空间不充足或必要活动受限制,导致能量过剩是FLHS发生的重要诱因。肝脏脂肪沉积并不总是引起肝脏出血,脂质过氧化物分解生成大量脂质自由基引起细胞损伤,可能是肝脏脂肪含量升高导致出血的分子机制。     

Factors Associated with Survival in Septicemic Foals: 65 Cases (1988–1995)

In order to identify variables obtained at admission that could be used to predict survival in septicemic foals, medical records of 65 foals diagnosed with septicemia were reviewed. Initially, variables were analyzed independently (univariate analysis) for association with survival. Of the physical examination and historical data examined using univariate analysis, the ability to stand at admission, respiratory rate ≥ 60 breaths per minute (bpm), and normal-appearing mucous membranes were significantly associated with survival. Foals with history of induced parturition were significantly less likely to survive. The following hematologic and serum biochemical variables determined at admission were significantly associated with survival: white blood cell count a 6,000 cells/μL, neutrophil count <4,000 cells/μL, serum albumin concentration <2.2 g/dL, serum glucose concentration <120 mg/ dL, blood pH ≥ 7.35, and positive base excess. The administration of plasma at admission was significantly associated with survival. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between survival and variables identified as significantly associated with survival in bivariate analysis. The final multivariate model selected included the variables standing, duration of clinical signs (24-hour intervals) prior to admission, respiratory rate a 60 bpm, neutropenia (> 4,000 cells/μL), and neonatal age category. The probability of survival was significantly increased for foals that were standing, had a respiratory rate a 60 bpm, and that had a neutrophil count <4,000 cells/μL at admission. Probability of survival was significantly decreased for foals that had a longer duration of clinical signs prior to admission. For each 24 hours of duration, the estimated risk of death was increased by 5.8-fold.     

套式反转录—聚合酶链反应检测恙螨及鼠肺内肾综合征出血热病毒RNA

选择覆盖肾综合征出血热病毒（ＨＦＲＳＶ）膜蛋白（ＭＰ）基因的保守区核苷酸序列合成２对引物,采用异硫氰酸胍一步抽提ＲＮＡ,建立了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测鼠体恙螨及游离恙螨体内ＨＦＲＳＶ－ＲＮＡ的方法,扩增产物经凝胶电泳及斑点印迹杂交证实具有特异性。结果显示,ＨＦＲＳＶ抗原阳性鼠体恙螨５０只组、１０只组、游离螨５０只组,ＨＦＲＳＶ抗原阳性鼠肺１０００ｍｇ、５００ｍｇ组经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测为阳性;ＨＦＲＳＶ抗原阳性鼠体恙螨５只组,ＨＦＲＳＶ抗原阴性鼠体恙螨５０只和１０只组,游离螨１０只和５只组,鼠肺ＨＦＲＳＶ抗原阳性１００ｍｇ组均未见有明显扩增带。进一步用套式反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＮｅｓｔｅｄＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测,在ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ未测出ＨＦＲＳＶ－ＲＮＡ的各组中均检测有ＨＦＲＳＶ－ＲＮＡ。结果表明ＮｅｓｔｅｄＲＴ－ＰＣＲ具有高特异、高敏感的特点,可用于检测恙螨体内微量ＨＦＲＳＶ－ＲＮＡ,为确认恙螨作为ＨＦＲＳＶ的传播媒介提供了分子生物学证据。     

兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病蜂胶二联灭活苗保存期试验

研制兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病蜂胶二联灭活苗2批，分别在4-8℃和室温条件下保存6个月、12个月后进行免疫保护试验。结果显示：蜂胶二联苗在4～8℃和室温条件下保存6个月、12个月，对兔出血症的保护率均为100％；4～8℃保存6个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为100％，保存12个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为90％；室温保存6个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率80％，保存12个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为70％。据此可以确定蜂胶二联苗的保存期为4～8℃一年或室温半年。     

Pathological findings and probable causes of the death of Stejneger’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) stranded in Japan from 1999 and 2011

One hundred and twenty stranding events of Stejneger’s beaked whales were reported in Japan between 1999 and 2011. The purpose of this study is to introduce pathological data and to discuss probable causes of death for 44 Stejneger’s beaked whales among them. The significant pathological findings were the pulmonary edema, parasitic granulomatous nephritis, emaciation, amyloidosis, suppurative bronchopneumonia and so on. The probable causes of death were categorized as noninfectious in 43 of the cases, which included drowning, starvation and secondary amyloidosis. One individual was diagnosed with septicemia, which was the only example of an infectious disease. Because we could not always perform advanced analyses, such as microbiology tests, biotoxin examinations or contaminant analyses, the finality of our findings may be impaired. However, the present study has broad implications on the causes of death of Stejneger’s beaked whales of the seas around Japan, which are valuable for the future studies and for the detection of emerging diseases.